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Operation Grapple
Operation Grapple, and operations Grapple X, Grapple Y and Grapple Z, were the names of British nuclear weapons tests of very-early hydrogen bombs. These tests were carried out from 1956 until 1958 at Malden Island and Christmas Island in the Central Pacific Ocean. Nine nuclear explosions were executed during these series of nuclear weapon tests, culminating in the United Kingdom's becoming the third recognised possessor of thermonuclear weapons.
All of these nuclear bombs were exploded high in the atmosphere, rather than being detonated on the ground, in order to reduce the production of nuclear fallout.
The unproven H-bomb designs being developed by British weaponeers required full-scale testing of their capabilities, hence ''Operation Grapple'' was carried out as a massive military operation in the Central Pacific, and this was the largest British military operation carried out since World War II. The preparations for ''Operation Grapple'', including building the necessary structures on Kiritimati, began at the end of May 1956. About 1,200 civilians and servicemen were sent to Kiritimati during 1956.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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